Policies Introduced in the Past 25 Years Related to Education

Over the past 25 years, different policies have been put in place to influence the education system in different ways. Some sociologist would say that the main aim of these policies were to result in the marketization of the education system. Other sociologist would disagree; they believe that trying to create less inequality was the main intention when It comes to the educational reform. When the New Labour came to power, it seemed that policies they were in favour of were more aimed towards trying to create less inequality of different schools.One policy The New Labour introduced was free places in nurseries, this would ensure children from all backgrounds started educational development early and started to gain skills needed to start school. This would also give working class parents a chance to go out and work whilst their child is at nursery. They also introduced ‘Educational Action Zones’ these areas of deprivation were giving extra funding in order to lessen the inequality between these schools in worse areas to the schools in better areas.This is trying to give people of worse financial areas a better chance to gain access to good schools, and not just be limited to worse performing schools just because they live in a poorer area. They also introduced The EMA award, this was to try and get pupils to stay on in education past ages 16 (college, sixth form, apprenticeships etc. ) because if the pupils parent earned below a certain amount then the child would be entitled to ? 30 a week to help them with any costs that staying on in education may have.Although this may be contradicted by the inequalities that have been put in place by the steep rises in fees for universities, this has meant that working class pupils are at a disadvantage in comparison with the middle class. Previous to this; the conservative government introduced new right policies which are viewed as trying to create a market place out of the education system. They introduced several policies in order to force different schools in to competing with each other; this would then result in schools doing better.They aimed to create a parentocracy, where parents had much more choice when it came to schools for their children, they were able to choose which school they wanted their child to attend, rather than it being dependant on catchment areas like it was previously. This would result in schools upping their standards to gain pupils and ensure that parents would pick their school, funding was changed to be dependent on the amount of pupils a school had. By doing better than ther schools, more pupils would want to attend and result in more funding for the school, benefitting them and then helping them to improve further. Although, in order to rank schools against each other, there would have to be a system in place, so league tables were introduced and schools had to sit SATs and GCSE exams, the results were ranked in the league tables and parents could look through different schools to see where they were placed and pick the best school for their child, much like a market place.OFSTED were also introduced to monitor and inspect schools, they would review the schools standards in several different categories giving a report to be viewed in order to judge the school as a whole and give parents a wider range of data on the schools, giving them more understanding and a better basis to choose which school they would like their child to attend. These policies meant that standards for schools rose as they competed against each other and parents had a greater understanding of schools and had more freedom when it came to choice.On the other hand, it did also create problems, because the better schools got more funding and pupils, the worse schools weren’t able to get the funding they needed to improve which meant the gap between schools achievement became wider as the better schools got better and the worse schools became worse off this created greater inequality. Schools also started to exclude students that would affect their results in the league tables, this also created inequality.These inequalities may have been the reason for the new labour’s aim to wipe out the inequality because there was so much created. Overall, The Conservative party and New Labour both introduced new policies to the education system; the conservative was more aimed towards creating a market in the education system, whilst new labour strived to wipe out inequality in the system and tackle the issue of poverty. Although this being said, the new labour may have created more competition in the system by introducing faith and specialist schools.

Christian and Wiccan beliefs Essay

Two miles south of where Mary Anne lived, I encountered Sheila, a 36 year old self-professed astrology and tarot card reader working part-time for a local pharmacy. My initial data revealed that Sheila belonged to the Wiccan Rede principle which is currently considered radical among traditional Wiccan groups. Fortunately, Sheila was at home on her day-off and was talking animatedly with a client in her front porch. While waiting for her client to leave, I was allowed to wander around her house which was surrounded by huge trees making her home look gloomy. After a few minutes, I was ushered in and Sheila welcomed me graciously knowing full well about my intentions. She began by explaining how their group had grown lesser over the years as the other wiccan practitioners complained on the religious incorporation of Christian and Wiccan beliefs. Sheila added that the element of Wicca which includes fertility and reincarnation is incorporated in the key points of the divinity of Jehovah, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit as retained from Christianity that was also quoted in Guiley (1999). According to her, the combination of two religions, which was traditionally at odds with one another, is frequently criticized by members of other wiccan sects. For her, there is no other One God as the greatest and the Lord of all and that the Earth is the Goddess of common Wicca. She has equated the Holy Spirit as a Feminine deity that may be regarded as the Great Mother Goddess similar to the Christian thought. With this in mind, she showed me a picture of the Madonna and Child and claimed that the Holy Spirit is actually embodied in the Virgin Mary. Their small liberalized group was initiated by the BTW or the British Traditional Witchcraft coven. They were widely criticized according to her because many Wiccan practitioners consider Christianity to be incompatible with the pagan philosophy. She added that the merging of Christian and pagan beliefs was considered a lambaste to the Wiccan religion since the Christian faith is male-dominated and an insufficient acceptance of true Wiccan belief. She explained that Wicca, as a ditheistic religion may contain a male god and female goddess giving equal emphasis to the aspects of both divine beings. Admittedly, she said that the principal tenets of Christian Wicca elevate the status of a God which altogether makes it different as there is no equality between the male and female according to Guiley (1999). In the elements of nature symbolically represented by different objects, the Christian wicca believes in the instance of crystals and stones as objects for the element earth, and seashells for the water element in Salomonsen (2002). Sheila added that their group also worships and observes the eight sabbats of the year and the full moon. Most of the practitioners in their group may practice in solitaries but do attend gatherings and other community events but reserve other rituals when they are alone. Their initiation into a coven begins with a one-year study before the actual initiation that spins a religious dedication. She related her initial experience at the thrill of being able to join the coven six years ago which had been a long time dream for her. She had already ventured in yoga and Asian Buddhism before finally exploring the Christian wicca. Sheila unlike Mary Ann does not want to show me her altar and her wares but pointed out a small hut beside the family house as her â€Å"solitary camp† to prevent family members from disturbing her. For Sheila, wicca should not be mistaken for witchcraft as they are simply a religion with ethical standards to live by.

Ethics Notes Chapters

Ethics, and Human Behavior Ethical issues exist in all areas of criminal Justice system (from passage of laws to punishment) Criminal Justice professionals have discretion Legislators: In making laws Police: In enforcing laws Attorneys and Judges: affecting Justice process Correctional Professionals: affecting offenders lives What do criminal Justice professionals have in common? Power to make decisions duty to enforce the law obligation to provide â€Å"due process† and â€Å"equal protection† for all commitment to â€Å"public service† Goals of the study of ethics -BrawledBecome aware of and open to ethical issues Begin developing critical thinking skills Become more personally responsible Understand coercive element of the Justice system Develop wholesales (the ability to explore with ones heart as well as ones mind) Defining Terms morals The judgment of behavior as right or wrong. Ethics The study and analysis tot what constitutes g * The two words are often used interchangeably. Or bad conduct. Meta-ethics Technical investigation of the meaning of ethical terms, as well as how ethical statements can be verified. Normative ethics Definition of right conduct and moral duties. Plied ethics Application of ethical principles to specific issues or fields. Professional ethics Examination of the behavior of certain professional groups. Duties Moral obligations that one must carry out to be considered ethical. Supererogatory An act that goes beyond duty and is not required to be considered DOD or moral. Imperfect duties General obligation with no specific acts. Honesty Health Family Financial success Beauty What else are values? Are some more important than others? To be Ouagadougou or immoral,behavior must involve: human acts of free will detecting others Inventory of Ethical IssuesIndividual or Other Employees backstabbing and lack of support gossip sexual or racial harassment lying to cover up blame taking credit for others' work Organizatio n and Employees sexual or racial harassment by supervisors discouraging honest criticism or feedback arbitrary or unfair decisions inadequate compensation inadequate training unrealistic or inappropriate demands putting employees in unnecessary danger By the Individual and Organization work ethic (days work for a days pay) petty theft of supplies or cash overtime abuse gifts and gratuities falsifying reports misuse of sick days arsenal use of supplies or equipment Morality and Behavior Even when people know what is right, sometimes they choose to do wrong?why? Criminology Psychology Other fields seek to answer this question Are people fundamentally good or fundamentally bad? Thinking Point Omar Thornton of Connecticut walked into his employer, Hartford Distributors, for a hearing concerning his possible termination. During the meeting, Thornton pulled out a pistol and shot ten of his coworkers, killing eight, before turning the gun on himself. What caused Thornton to carry oh t this minority act? Was he born intrinsically bad? Was he a good person that had a tragic turn of circumstances that forced him into a criminal act? Morality = Law ?Ethical Issues and Dilemmas Decentralization of soft drugs? Sex-offender registries? Death penalty? Mandatory DNA testing? Three-strikes legislation? Racial profiling? Steps for Clarifications Dilemmas Review all the facts. Identify relevant values of all parties. Identify all moral issues. Identify most immediate moral issue. Resolve the dilemma. CHAPTER 2: Determining Moral Behavior Ethical Systems Deontological Ethical Systems Teleological Ethical Systems Ethical Formalism According to German philosopher Emmanuel Kant: ill (motivation) is the only thing that is intrinsically good. Duty is required behavior. It is self-imposed and necessary to morality.The Categorical Imperative Ethical Formalism: Imperatives Categorical imperatives Are absolute. Are based on good will. Determine morality. You must not lie. Criticisms of Et hical Formalism Utilitarianism leered Beneath An action's morality depends on how much it contributes to the overall good of society. Humans are hedonistic. They seek to maximize pleasure and avoid pain. DOD for the greatest number On April 20th, 2010 a British Petroleum offshore rig exploded killing 11 employees ND causing one of the largest oil spills in modern history. Investigators soon located the faulty alarm systems. The alarms did not alert because they had been intentionally disconnected close to a year ago.BP had the alarms turned off in order to allow employees to sleep without being interrupted by false alarms thus creating a better functioning workforce. If the alarms were enabled, the rig would have automatically entered shut down mode, virtually eliminating the oil spill. Was Up's original â€Å"act† inherently good? Bad? Did they have a duty to act one way or the other? Criticisms of Utilitarianism Religion People hold different opinions about which religion i s the â€Å"true† religion. People within a religion often disagree on how to interpret its principles. Religious controversies are often difficult to resolve. Natural Law Criticisms of Natural Law How can we determine what is natural law versus man-made law? What are the â€Å"natural† laws of morality?The Ethics of Virtue Aristotle True virtue is the median between extremes of character: the golden mean. People develop moral virtues through practice, Just like any other strength. Daemonic: living the â€Å"good life† Six Pillars Josephs Institute) Trustworthiness : Honesty, sincerity, loyalty Respect : Golden Rule Responsibility : Being accountable Fairness : Equality, impartiality, and due process Caring : Altruism and benevolence Citizenship : Duties of citizenship Criticisms of Ethics of Virtue Basically assumes a good person will make a good decision. Little help for people facing dilemmas. The Ethics of Care Western ethical systems focus on issues like ri ghts, laws, and universalism.Ethics of care?nurture, meeting needs Criticisms of Ethics of Care Criticisms of Egoism Violates universalism. Logically inconsistent (for everyone to try and maximize self interest). Enlightened egoism is not too different from categorical imperative or golden rule. Other Methods epithetical Decision Making The imperative principle directs a decision maker to act according to a specific, unbending rule. The utilitarian principle determines the ethics of conduct by the DOD or bad consequences of the action. The generalization principle is based on this question: â€Å"What would happen if all similar persons acted this way under similar circumstances? General Principles federation Making Obtain all facts (including the effects of prospective decisions). Evaluate whether odd be comfortable with your decision appearing on the front page (in public view). Consider one's principles to be like a formula – applicable in all situations. Relativism Ethic al Relativism Moral systems are products of an individual or group. If people believe different things are good and bad, how can you define what is good? Situational Ethics: A compromise between relativism and absolutism There are basic principles of right and wrong. They can be applied to ethical dilemmas and moral issues. They may call for different results in different situations. 1.Treat each person with the utmost respect and care. . Do one's duty or duties in such a way that one does not violate the first principle. Summary of Ethical Systems Ethical formalism: What is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative. Utilitarianism: What is good is that which results in the greatest utility for the greatest number. Religion: What is good is that which contorts to God's will. Natural law: What is good is that which is natural. Ethics of virtue: What is good is that which conforms to the Golden Mean. Ethics of care: What is good is that which meets the needs of those c oncerned. Egoism: What is good is that which benefits me.

Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team - Essay Example Moreover, acting more efficiently he is already proposing replacements. This is a very negative way of handling matters. Meanwhile, he is also talking to the other members quite persuasively and trying to make his point. As we explored earlier the entire idea itself is lurking within doubtful alleys, additional negative elements and feedbacks like John's will make it very hard for Don to take up the Change idea further and that too successfully. With reference to the scenario at Gene One, the review of the following theories and literature will help us draw a mark on the best suited style of leadership that would help Gene One accomplish success in the future. The leadership style, presented within Fiedler contingency model has implied that the efficient groups relying on a suitable match amid a leader's approach of intermingling with the subsidiaries in addition to the level to which the state of affairs provides management and authority to the leader. It was the proposition of Fiedler that had created the notion of the slightly favored associate questionnaire as a device to recognize the leadership style. Within Fiedler's assumption, he was able to extrapolate the fact that all the leadership styles are mostly enduring.

Propaganda and British Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Propaganda and British Cinema - Essay Example It mostly applies to the human sense of sight. British film descended from French Lumiere brothers in 1892 and their first show was in 1896.The first moving picture was in 1889.The founder and the leader of documentary movement was John Grierson.He had the believe that film and documentary film could make a significant impact in the society by providing an effective medium between the state and the public. The government used the authors and actors of films to execute its propaganda agenda. J and Church -Gibson (1995) During Second World War, Movies were mainly used to promote the popular image of the nation and emphasize on patriotism. These films were about people affected by the war and the effect of war in the society. The Second World War pushed the issue related with censorship to the periphery and this led to direct intervention of the government. The movies at this period combined propaganda on behalf of war effort with dramatic action, romance and other features of entertainment movies. Adler, A. Jay (2004) In the mid nineteen hundred and twenties British cinema was loosing to the Hollywood. There was also war propaganda which was depicted by these movies. Propaganda is highly practical since it is both hidden and clear. Propaganda can be good or can be bad, democratic or totalitarian. Aldgate Anthony (1994) The cinema emerged as one of mass entertainment which had great acceptance among the population. Movies developed from a less developed entity to an important mean of communication, entertainment and mass production. Motion pictures films have significantly contributed in art, politics and technology in twentieth century. J and Church Gibson (1995) The production of the cinema was cheap and quick and the aim was to achieve the quota of twenty percent of screen space in Britain to be reserved to English film production. The first English sound tape was produced in 1929 by Hitchcock .Hitchcock was an artist who has experienced great Germany expressionism. He designed each stage including the minute detail which enhanced forcing of the intensity on the screen. The details included the scenery, music, soundtrack, actors and other obligatory. It so gracefully united horrifying, absurd and the idealistic features in such pictures. In 1940 he was awarded an Oscar award as the best picture of the year in the movie "Rebecca." Aldgate Anthony (1994) The cinema has socially and sensitively reflected many major events which are global historical changes that occurred in the 20th century. These changes include noteworthy events that included fall of empires which led to change in direction of historical and cultural development at the end of 19th century. This proves that the development of a society in connection with art rises develops and falls. J and Church -Gibson (1995) The histories of the twentieth century led to the change in attitude of the people and nations which led to the development of the influential art of cinema. Cinema was the most dynamical art since it embodied the development of Grand National awareness in the state. There is a connection of a propaganda literature of the Great Britain and its reflection in the cinema. Adler, A. Jay (2004) The imperialism theme researches of English cinema starts during the fall of the empires and beginning of the struggling of the public of developing countries. It is in 1960s that a margin of great importance is formed in

Financial Performance of Morrison Plc Assignment

Financial Performance of Morrison Plc - Assignment Example Return on equity (ROE) provides information regarding how much profit the company has been able to generate in regards to its equity. A high ROE is desirable. Return on assets (ROA) tells an investor how effective a company has been at producing profits from its assets. A high metric is the desired output. The debt to equity ratio measures how much debt a company has with regards to its total equity. A low ratio is a good sign. The current ratio compares the current debt a company has in regards to its current liabilities. The formula is current assets divided by current liabilities. A high ratio is a warning because it’s a sign that the firm is having liquidity problems. Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. A positive working capital is the desired output. The quick acid ratio is calculated with the same formula as the current ratio except that in the numerator you must subtract prepaid expenses and inventory. The sales to asse t ratio represent how much revenue a company is generating in regards to its total assets. It is important to understand that in order to perform a complete analysis of the company’s performance utilizing ratio analysis the financial analyst must perform research to obtain information about the industry standard ratio performance. The results of the financial ratio analysis reflect that the performance of the company has declined between 2008 and 2009. The net margin, return on equity and return on assets metrics decreased in 2009. The current ratio went up by 4%. The company has liquidity problems evidence by its negative working capital for both 2008 and 2009. Based on the ratio analysis performed on Morrison Plc for the years 2008 and 2009 the researcher would not invest in the company. Prior to making giving this recommendation, the author would need to compare the 2009 ratio results with the industry standard.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Leadership - Essay Example Taking risks can be fruitful in most of the cases as you either succeed or you learn a lesson but at the same time it is very important to calculate the amount of risk that you can afford to take. So this is a challenge for the leaders to identify the amount of risk they can afford (Hersey, 1977). It is very important for leaders take care of stretching themselves but that is without pulling a muscle which means not putting themselves in a state where they have nothing face but failures. Like for example if we talk about Cathy Spotts, general manager of a Fortune 500 company, she was the lady who always took 30 percent risk in her career and kept 70 percent things on the safe side. This helped her build a successful career as she was risk taking but only stretched herself till the time she dint pulled her muscle. She had the appropriate skill sets, had great self confidence and possessed excellent leadership skills. Question 2: Cultural Change and Leadership perspective A successful cultural change primarily relates to a combination of participative and transformational leadership. In enterprises it is the founders that form the company’s culture. This is done through a clear vision and a powerful motive. They search such people who are best fitted and have a desire to participate. In case of entrepreneurs, the culture of the business is whatever suits them. The participative and transformational styles of leadership are mainly the ones that are suitable for getting a cultural change going for businesses which have been in competition for long and possess a robust culture (Bass, 1994). It does not imply that the leader in the cultural change is not using power. They do use it but not autocratically. In such a leadership style power is used for articulating problems, indicating boundaries, breaking through barriers, changing players and making space for rejuvenation. Question 3: Code of Ethics Generally the code of ethics is used in professional and busin ess context to make sure that the public corporations and the members of regulated professions act in a professional and also a socially acceptable manner. Organizations that have published and established code of ethics have review processes and the procedures for appeals to safeguard against the spiteful or self-serving use of code for the benefits at the individual level. Code of ethics is a set of rules based on behavior that employees of the company should follow for ensuring values of the company in every deal it makes. Regardless of how big the business may be, evidently defined codes and directly monitored transactions ought to keep the company from violation of laws and making it such a place where all the employees are comfortable doing the right thing. Code of ethics guides the behavior and are not just designed for bad people. They serve as a guideline for all the people who are in an unclear or difficult situation. Question 4: Nash’s Ethical Decision Making Frame work There are a few things that have been identified by Nash that are very helpful in ethical decision making. In this framework it has been suggested that it is extremely important to define the problem accurately. It is not just the identification of the problem that is important but also thinking empathetically is very significant before taking such a decision. Analyzing the situation occurring in the first place, defining the intention of your decision, the impact

The Analysis of Philosophers Against the Family Article by Christina Essay - 1

The Analysis of Philosophers Against the Family Article by Christina Hoff Summers - Essay Example The paper will also analyze the view of the author and how it has been justified in her claims. The conclusion drawn by the author is also a point that will be reviewed in the paper. The author is basically against the radical movement of modern day feminists. Summers is denouncing radical feminist movement and comments that their views are not connected to true aspirations of women. ( Thesis) Christina Hoff Summers in her article â€Å"Philosophers against the Family â€Å"is arguing about the absurdities of the modern radical feminists. She is claiming that what the radical feminist demands for is not the true wants of a woman. According to the author, a woman wants to be in a family and take care of her children and she does not wants to dominate men as feminist seek. A woman wants equal and fair rights in the workplace and society and does not want any extraordinary power like the feminists to perceive. Her aim is to show the world the true inner self of a woman and for this; s he is outrightly demeaning radical feminists. According to her liberalism is advocating social reform with conservative spirits and it should not be supernal to the social institutions under which people operate. The radicals want to do away with social mores and institutions but the liberal focuses on social reforms. Summers aligns herself with liberal camp while attacking many of the radical ideas of modern feminists. The author has an idea that it is perfect to approach family ties and ethics from a liberal or conservative framework but a radical approach can hamper the society and disrupts people’s happiness. Sommers understand that modern radical movement has neglected social institutions that do not fit in the traditional utilitarian or Kantian frameworks. Family is one of social institutions and philosophers have often ignored it or had made an attempt to change or abolish it dramatically. The author deems this and cites many examples where the radical alteration of fa mily has happened.

The French Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The French Revolution - Research Paper Example deas included unfair taxation, the gap that existed between the poor and the rich social groups and the American Revolution and finally independence declaration of America (Noonan, 1999). The people in the third estate social group had very little rights whether socially or politically. However, some of the educated persons such as doctors and lawyers, belonging to third estate social class were in a position to read all the upcoming new ideas made by the government from some philosophers such as John Lacke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu. These philosophers talked about a democratic government possessing freedoms and natural rights. Eventually, the people belonging to the third estate social group began questioning the France government using the standards stated by the philosophers and began to demand for equality and democracy in the country (Noonan, 1999). Unfair taxation was an economic cause of the revolution. Third estate comprised of doctors, lawyers, merchants, and peasants who faced heavy taxation in many things while the richest estates paid little or no taxes. This was unfair treatment considering that people from the richest estates had a lot of money, large plots of land and positions in the government and good interaction with the government. This unfair treatment of the third estate people angered them and made a prompt of the revolution. The social cause of the revolution was the large gap that existed between the rich people and the poor people. There were few members belonging to the first and second estates while third estate made up of the biggest population. However, the rich owned biggest portions of land while the poor had little portions of land yet they made the biggest population in the country. Prove of the gap between the rich and the poor, was unequal taxation for the rich and the poor. Politically, third est ate people did not have privileges and right to contribute in the then government yet the nobles and clergies had the right. The

Product Reliability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Product Reliability - Essay Example The design consideration includes all those conditions necessary to be taken into account while manufacturing the product. Its feasibility, compatibility, the costs of components, the maintenance costs and various other factors that make a design a success. Product success also relies on the sample/ pilot tests. Pilot tests help saving large amount of costs which might be incurred on correction and delays in projects. Increasing reliability requires improved and professional working, resources availability, skilled labor and manufacturing plants and machines. Raheja et.al in their study focus on the tools and techniques that can help creating an effective product with improved reliability. It also provides details about how to avoid failures and poor products outputs. Since the poor product production is directly related to the loss in sales, and customer trust in the company. Their study sheds light on the human safety factor since the designs in heavy machine industry demand human safety from an ergonomic view point. Tooley et.al In their study focus on the possible glitches and obstacles that might confront the design and manufacturing process. The role of suitable raw material to be used and their possible impact on the overall design and end product. Their study also highlight the importance of creativity and innovation in the product designing. Various design products and raw materials will have different costs attached to them and would result in different net output at the end of entire product design. Bernard et.al in their study focus on the modern means of manufacturing and increasing the product reliability. The global methods of designs have certainly improved with time as a result they have introduced new concepts in the designing world that have more promise to them in regard of product reliability. Finally Pfeifer et.al in their study highlight the impact the material choice can have on

Bread Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bread - Term Paper Example The crust nature of the bread differs from the way and type of the bread prepared. Bread is mostly taken as part of the breakfast meal and beside other meals depending on a culture. Most of the breads known are the white bread that is made up of the endosperm and wheat flour and the brown bread which is known to be more healthier because of the additional whole grains that increases the fiber content. The French stick which is known as bread baguette is the popular type of bread within the France community. It’s a crusty long thin loaf which has a standard weight of 250 grams. The bread baguette bread has different forms of bread depending on the type and size. They is the molded bread which is made up of a crispy golden brown crust with a thinner crust than the rest, ordinary bread crust and the floured bread which is basically covered with wheat flour before being cooked. The white ordinary French bread is the most common type with several variety types of bread from the flute(double size of the baguette),couronne(the ring shaped bread),ficelle(long and very tiny loaf which should be eaten while fresh otherwise the inside dries up quickly while baked) and the batard(half the normal loaf). In france, most peoples’ day begin with breakfast which consists of bread, coffee or chocolate that is drunk using a bowl. Bread is also taken around four by the students from school. The French people consider meal as part of their rights and leisure activity. The French food is famously believed to be healthy and encouraged to be taken throughout the year by individuals. It consists of well baked fresh bread, milk fruits, local cheese, vegetables and high quality ingredients. The main ingredients used to make the French bread include water, flour,salt and yeast and some eggs and other ingredients if required. The first step involves kneading which involves the mixing of all the ingredients in a bowl and forming smooth and elastic dough. The dough is greased and

School Organization Essay Example for Free

School Organization Essay The school organization is the arrangement of the school in a group of people that work together to accomplish group goals. The organization refers to the form of the enterprise or institution and the arrangement of the human and material resources functioning in a manner to achieve the objectives of the enterprise. It represents two or more than two people respectively specializing in functions of each perform, working together towards a common goal as governed by formal rules of behaviour. The administration is concerned with the determination of corporate policy and the overall coordination of production, distribution and finance. The management is referring to the execution of policy within the limits which are established by administration and the employment of the organization. According to Sheldon, â€Å"Organization is the formation of an effective machine; management, of an effective executive; administration of an effective direction. Administration defines the goal; management strives towards it. Organization is the machine of management in its achievement of the ends determined by administration. † The school organization is very important to present the issue that affect the school as a whole such as the drawing up syllabus for the teachers, the locations of the rooms and the organized schedule. How a school is organized is a matter for the staff to specify, and a school’s organization should reflect the teacher’s commitment to the success of all students. Every aspect of the instructional program will convey the goals and values of the teachers towards students and their learning. A school aiming to improve the student performance must develop a reasoned approach. The high learning level of students is determined by the way of study of the students. They can choose which styles they want weather by teams or houses. If they comfortable by teams, the teacher will divide them into several groups and they will have their own peer. For those who prefer the house’s style, the teacher will cooperate with the parents to make sure that the student’s achievement increase, but the house’s style is more challenging due to the parents need to spend more time with their children. The wise deployment of the space for the students is very crucial that lead to a safe and positive environment. For example, an art class should be wider as the students need their own space to create a creative project. Furthermore, it is easy for the students to walk and if it is safe, the students will feel secure to walk alone. Based on the research done, small schools yield better result than the big one. This suggests that, the teachers at the large school can improved their teaching style by dividing their students in subunit. The numbers of the class should be increase as it helps student to understand more about the topics and the teachers can concentrate on their students within the group. The schedule should be more organized as it is the main factors that lead to the student’s achievement. As for me, the long hour learning is not very good as the students and the teachers need to have rest. The long hour learning session will lead to less focusing of the students. Then, as a result, they cannot answer the question test. The main characteristic of these approaches is that they organize instructional time into longer blocks than the traditional pattern, thus allowing teachers and students greater flexibility in how they use their time. With longer blocks of time, students can embark on projects that would be difficult to complete in only several hours. Teachers accustomed to relying on lecturing find that they need to vary their approach under block scheduling, enabling students to engage in deeper and more sustained exploration of content. There are several implications of different levels of school. The levels of school can be classified into three which are the elementary school, middle school and high school. The elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of academic learning known as elementary or primary education. At this point, the students are very innocent and just accept all the knowledge that has been given by the teachers. They did not think critically and just on the surface of the chapter. This organization is very crucial so that the students will not be shocked to learn and they can understand easily. Elementary school-age kids benefit from regularly hearing about persistence. So, teach them different ways to talk about problem solving such as, â€Å"I won’t quit,† and â€Å"I can do it,† and â€Å"It is always the hardest at the first, but it will get easier. † Borba also suggest that we need to maintain the families overall attitude by always support each other. That will not just build a positive thinking in the student’s mind but also tighten the bond of family relationship. Finally, we can tell the stories either from our own life or we can ask the school librarian to recommend books about the characters who manage to succeed despite the obstacles. The second level is middle school. The middle school is defines as the period in student’s life that take place after elementary school and before high school. The school organization takes places in order to shape the students attitude so that they are not easily influenced by any bad things. Students at this period in their lives experience rapid physical, emotion and intellectual growth, matched in scope only by the first three years of life; they are experiencing fast and sometimes confusing changes. Middle schools therefore, must provide both stability and stimulation, respecting the student age-related concerns. The students tend to try new things in their life. So, maybe with the additional class for the some problematic students would be better so that they will use their time wisely. Furthermore, the school also can organise a sport day once a month, so that the students will have a healthy life style. Their brain can have a good process thinking and the heart beat fast to pump the blood. The third level is high school is an institution that provides a secondary education. Scheduling is the main aspect of school organization at the high school level. The students need to manage their time wisely so that they can have a successful result as the high school is more challenging. Many high schools have by now use the form of block scheduling, in which students need to attend three to four classes rather than seven to nine. Block scheduling is advantageous because it provides longer instructional time and more opportunities for engaged learning. Block scheduling tends to improve the school climate with fewer discipline problems and greater students commitment to the work. In a nutshell, a school organization is very crucial as it enhances the students learning. The school organizational pattern improves the efficiency and qualification of work of the students and teachers. http://tweenparenting. about. com/od/educationissues/f/DefofMiddleSchool. htm (jennifer o’donnel http://www. greatschools. org/improvement/volunteering/19-easy-ways-to-help. gs http://www. greatschools. org/students/academic-skills/2430-teaching-persistence-3rd-through-5th-grade. gs http://www. ascd. org/publications/books/102109/chapters/School-Organization. aspx http://edchat. blogspot. com/2011/01/scope-and-importance-of-school. html http://www. scribd. com/doc/30705481/School-Organization-and-Classroom-Mamagement.

Example Answers to Tasks on Tata Motors

Example Answers to Tasks on Tata Motors Tata Motors Limited has revenues of US$20.5 billion in 2009-10. The companys 25,000 employees are guided by the vision to be Best in the manner in which we operate, best in the products we deliver and best in our value system and ethics. Tata motors was formed in 1945 and till date has expanded across all locations in India. Today around 6 million Tata vehicles run on Indian roads. In 2005 Tata motors had entered a strategic alliance with Fiat to produce power trains and cars. Tata Motors also distributes and markets Fiat branded cars in India. Tata Motors is the first company to be listed in the New York Stock Exchange (September 2004) belonging to engineering sector of India. Today Tata Motors has Operations in the UK, South Korea, Thailand and Spain. Jaguar Land Rover, was acquired in 2008 by Tata Motors and it also acquired the Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company of South Korea in 2004 (http://www.Tatamotors.com) Task 1: a) Kurt Lewins change management model Today the theory of change management is plays the huge role in most of the business. However, how organisation change in their culture it is depend on the type of industry, change requirement and involvement if the individuals. The key thing in change management is hoe the individuals is recognised or get settled in change process. To understand the change management process in business Kurt Lewins developed the change management process model. This model was developed in 1950s and still is most used method in todays modern business. Lewins change model is going through three stages which is start from Unfreeze Change Refreeze and each of these stages is mention below. Unfreeze In this first stage of change process is preparing to check and requirement of change within the business, which involves identify the key areas which needs to change and try to break it so that you can introduce the new operation. To organize the business effectively, you need to begin at its nucleus and you need to challenge the viewpoint, ethics, approach, and behaviours that presently define it. With the similarity of a structure, you must study and be planned to modify the existing basics as they may not support add-on storeys unless this is done, the whole building may risk collapse. Usually the first part of the change process is very difficult because here you need to identify the key areas where you think change should be required. Furthermore, you may face some strong reaction who does not like the change and you should balance everything when cutting down the things. By forcing the organization to re-evaluate its nucleus, you efficiently make a calamity (which is under control), which in revolve can make a tough inspiration to search for a new balance. Without this inspiration you would not obtain to buy-in and contribution require resulting any significant change. Change After all the doubts which is created during the unfreeze stage, the change is the stage where you can try to resolve all the doubts and try to do the things in new different ways. In these stage individuals start considers and thinks in that way so that they support the new course. The conversion form unfreeze to change takes a bit time it does not happen suddenly, usually individuals take time to get adjust from unfreeze to change process. . A interrelated change model concentrate on the exact problem of individual evolution in a changing atmosphere and is helpful to understand this i will explain in detail below. Individuals should understand how the change process will help them if you want to create the change successful and acceptable within their employees. You should link the change with the individual benefit they simply did not accept the change only on the basis of the change is essential for the organisation. The two key elements to success of the change process is Time and Communication which plays the huge role. People should need some time so that they were able to understand the change and this should be highly communicated with in the employees during the change period. This is the best approach you can use while managing the change which requires great deal of time and effort. Regrettably, some individuals actually affect or harmed by the change mainly those who get the advantage for the past strategy. Others may take a bit long time to accept the change infect they accept it only when they think they will get benefit from the change. Refreeze When the changes are get start settle in the business and individuals have accepted the new ways of operational the association is prepared to refreeze. The outcomes signs of the refreeze are a steady business plan reliable work responsibilities and so on. The refreeze stage also needs to help individuals plus the internal matters of the business and try to refreeze it. That means a change should be a continuous process and needs to there in every business. With a new sense of stability, workforce feels positive, secure and motivated in new culture of the organisation. There is always a big question mark over whether a change is required in the business or not if it is required how far it should be. Although change process is regular and continuous process but this refreeze stage is very important to complete the change process. Furthermore, employees also not been able to adjust with the new culture of the business and they not even know their new role and responsibility in the business. If you did not refreeze the change effectively then it is very difficult to attempt the next change successfully. The another part of refreezing process is make sure that you should enjoy yourself in the new culture of the organisation which helps the employees to enduring himself from the past stressful and sore time . (Sarah Cook, 2004) McKinsey 7S framework The McKinsey 7S model is a vital tool for the detailed study of the strategies that are to amended or to be changed. McKinseys model is a tool which focuses on the internal factors of an organization and can be implemented on a team or a project as well. The McKinsey 7S model can be used over various situations where a perspective is may be helpful, such as; Enhancing organizations performance. Align departments during the time of mergers and acquisitions. Implementing the best proposed strategies. Deciding the future changes in the organization. The elements in the model can be further categorized as; Hard Elements Soft Elements Strategy Structure Systems Shared Values Skills Style Staff Hard elements are easy to identify and define and the management of the organization are directly influenced by them. These are the main aspects of all official processes, organizational plans, reports and IT systems. Soft elements are the aspects which are difficult to describe that are less tangible and are more affected by the culture. (Prahalad ,1990) http://www.mindtools.com/media/Diagrams/mckinsey.jpg Strategy: It is a scheme develops for maintaining constructing competitive advantage over the opposition. Structure: hierarchy of positions in the company. Systems: the day today functioning of workforce for getting the job done. Shared Values: core values of the corporation which are supported in the corporate culture and the general work ethic. Style: the manner of leadership pattern implemented. Staff: the workforce and their wide-ranging potential. Skills: the real skills and competencies of the workforce functioning for the business. The basis of model is, if a business has to excel then the seven elements have to be arranged in a line and equally strengthen. It is used for identifying what requires to be realigned to get better performance, or for uphold alignment performance throughout erstwhile kind of change. whatsoever the category of change whether it be restructuring, mergers acquisitions, new processes systems or alteration of leadership, this model is used if comprehending how the business rudiments are interconnected, and also it ensures the wider impact of changes done in one region which is engaged into deliberation. This model is used for study of the present situation, a projected future situation and for identifying fissure and irregularity flanked by them. By making adjustment and fine tuning of the elements of the 7S model can be, the effective organization mechanism can be ensured. (Sarah Cook, 2004) John P Kotters eight steps to successful change John P Kotter is a Harvard Business School professor and leading thinker and author on organizational change management. Kotters suggest a model for change which has eight stages and can be outlined as: Increase urgency encourage employees to progress, and make the objectives seem genuine and important. Assemble the channel team get hold of the right employees in correct position who have the accurate poignant promise, and the true blend of skills and stage. Get the vision correct catch up or the team to set up a uncomplicated vision and strategy, focus on poignant and imaginative characteristic essential to impel service and efficiency. Communicate for buy-in engage more and more individuals as possible, correspond the fundamentals, simply, and to request and react to peoples requirements, De-clutter the communications. Formulate the technology to work in your favour instead against. Empowerment of deed Eliminate barriers, facilitate constructive feedback and plenty of support from leaders, reward and recognise development and accomplishment. Create short-range Goals lay down short time goals which are easy to achieve in controllable figures of initiatives. End present stages prior to going for the new stages. Dont give up promote and support fortitude and perseverance, give confidence in ongoing development, bring to light the accomplish landmarks and emphasize on the future ones. Make change fix strengthen the worth of victorious change via recruitment, promotion and novel change leaders. Intertwine the change into traditions (Sarah Cook, 2004). Task 1: b) Change management is done to achieve some overall goal and its not done only for namesake change. More often than not, the factors like significant incise in grant, dealing with main new markets or new clients, requirement for spectacular boost in productivity and services, etc. are the reasons behind a aggravated organizational change. In general, organizations must carry out enterprise-wide change to develop itself to a different level in its span of lifecycle. Tata Motors was primarily a maker of commercial vehicles and it is a extremely recurring type of industry. The commercial-vehicle market place in India shrivels in excess of 42 %, with enormous repercussion on top and operational management of organisation. The 110 million US$ deficit was the first time something on this magnitude had taken place in its past, and this actually tremble each one within the organization. Tata Motors struggle to understand what had gone erroneous and hunted to generate a trail for the upcoming days to make certain that they by no means got into such circumstances for a second time. Tata motors determined and implemented a revival plan which had three discrete stages, every one of which was anticipated to last for approximately 1.5 years and 5 years in total. Stage I was planned to stalk the haemorrhage. Expenses had to be abridged in a gigantic manner, and it was a massive defy for a organisation that was not only the major player in business but had been making use of a cost-plus loom to its value strategy. Stage II two was seen as strengthen their place in India as market leader, and stage III was all about intensifying their business internationally. (http://www.Tatamotors.com) Task 1: c) To be an effective leader of an organization requires you to do five things: Understand and interpret the environment in which he operate Develop winning strategies Execute them brilliantly; Measure the impact of your strategies followers. If you get results, people will support you, systematically, adjusting strategies as often without caring too much about how you got indicated. Develop organizational, departmental; the world wont retain the support of your followers team and personal capabilities. Team building is an application of various techniques of Sensitivity training to the actual work groups in various departments. These work groups consist of peers and a supervisor (Rob Paton, 2008). Task 2: a) In current period Tata Motors have counter a lot of confront more than ever from the increasing antagonism and globalization. To tussle back these peripheral problems, Tata Motors arrive out with strategy of expansion and growth to retaliate antagonism via mergers and acquisitions. And also to fight back the effect of globalization it strong-willed to slash expenditure and in that way bring in the worlds cheapest car. But all of these actions had brutal insinuation on its in-house organizational change. This effect of Change was seen both on the top and middle management as well as at the employee level. At the management level, the insurgent change was seen for slashing the expenditure and manufacturing and offering the cheapest car to the world market in stipulated time. At the employee level the change was mainly seen because of the a great deal necessary merger of Daewoo with Tata Motors, which profoundly originated a greater deal of change in its employees (http://www.Tatamotors .com). Task 2: b) Organisation-wide change is embarking on as an affair of continued existence. It is not an alternative or nor it is a notion. Change clutches a very huge expenditure in terms of human and physical assets, share prices, stakeholders lack of confidence, consumer discontent, receivables and cash flow. The reality is often a painful period of change, during which resistance is high, morale is low, productivity is falling, and confusion is rampant (Marsh, 2001). None of the organization accepts this without due consideration. As a matter of fact why does the change fails in spite of its grounds are now right, the need to change is very clear, its substitute are properly assessed, and the path to success is corresponded as such that each one in the organization can distinguish that the change is not discretionary but necessary. The solution or probable reason for this is, Just being right isnt good enough: you have to win the hearts and minds of the employees who will make the change happen (Marsh, 2001). There is not such incorporeal organization that can be changed. It is its staff who can craft intended change into realism by altering their behaviours and the conducts they communicate to each other. Putting change into operation in an organization forces employees to adjust how they communicate to each other. It changes the ways in which they deals with one another and changes their approach towards goals, processes and equipments. This may lead to anxiety which further causes resistance for change. Only people who instigate change enjoy it; other have to suffer it (Marsh, 2001). A lot of employees feel endangered if they are forced to change supposing that they might go down on power, prestige, competence, and security. They sense that what is occurring is outside their control, beyond their area of authority, and so fright about it. These suspicions may be well high and dry in experience but it also depend upon how the organisation has faced the change in past (Marsh, 2001). Task 3: a) The changes that have happen within organizations around the world over the last five years, have revolutionized how organizations will continue to operate for the next five years.    Businesses have realized that people are more important, whether that be the customer or the employees.    Employees must be happy, self assured, educated, trained, motivated, and leaders in order to be able to create the type of business that produces quality product.    The customer must be happy, and if the employees are not happy, they have a hard time making the customers happy (Porter, 1998).    Task 3: b) Stakeholder Analysis is the process that: Is intended for group stakeholders and Understands what stakeholders expect from the project and what they need in next of impending risks It recognizes activities to reduce risks and exploit profit by functioning with the stakeholders. In stakeholder analysis involvement of employees can be done by using two fundamental approaches, Representation Delegation. Both of them have certain advantages and disadvantages. (Sarah Cook, 2004) Representation: It endeavours to take in the complete variety of views, interest groups and organisational units as part of the complete judgment making process. It is also characterised by self-governing, committee-type judgment-making process. Advantages Disadvantages Covers full range of views It has apparent way to achieve extensive approval of judgment Involves people who may have limited knowledge of the subject area time-consuming decision-making process May lead to concession which doesnt symbolize best fit in every meticulous region Delegation: It pass on liability to those recognized as being best suitable to the job. Advantages Disadvantages Job done by those who have appropriate skills and acquaintance lets the system or work to progress forward extra swiftly the acceptance simply relies on faith in those delegated requires concern about covering of all relevant issues its proper understanding. Task 3: c) A change management strategy helps in identification, prioritisation, engagement and assessment of stakeholders. Explicit region of spotlight contain: Ensuring of sufficient indulgent of the objectives, timeline and procedure by every key stakeholder. Ensure that stakeholders who will be significantly impacted by the initiative or the change resulting from it have a clear understanding of how and when they will be affected. To persuade stakeholder outlook to turn into more optimistic or in any case less pessimistic en route for the proposal and/or the change that it shall fetch in regards. To ascertain an effectual response sphere between the stakeholder set and the management panel (Rob Paton, 2008) Task 3: d) The three greatest barriers to organizational change are most often the following. Insufficient planning of change of customs. The majority of organisations are superior at scheduling changes in reporting composition, Job region assignment, work responsibilities, and organizational structure. Organizational charts are usually amended repeatedly. Deadlines are set, yardstick are laid down, changeover group are agreed upon, etc. it is nowadays common to forecast lack of success and arrangement for consequential change. Whilst the planning team is moreover barely defined or is as well determined on purpose investigation and decisive philosophy, it becomes excessively effortless to mislay prospect of the fact that the intended change will have an effect on staff. Even at work, employees formulate a lot of judgment on the basis of opinion and perception. When the opinion of staff ignored, the consequence is over and over again unfathomable bitterness due to a number of unrecognized outlawed or custom has not been suitably valued. Be short of employee participation. Employees have an intrinsic terror of change. In the majority of strategic organizational change, in any case a few employees are asked to presume different odd jobs or focus on diverse facet of their Talent and expertise. The larger the change a employee is solicited to make, the more invasive that employees fear might be. As there is fear of failure in new presumed roles there will be fright of change. For triumphant change Employees should be involve as early as possible and allow them make as much of the change as achievable. As employees appreciate the motive for the change and have a chance to endeavour the change on for magnitude they further willingly accept and shore up the change. Defective Communiquà © Strategies. Idyllic communiquà © stratagem in circumstances of noteworthy organizational change must concentrate on the message, the manner of deliverance, the occasion, and the significance of information shared with assorted division of the organization. A lot of leaders think that if they tell their employees what they fell about the change, after that each one shall be committed and prepared to progress forward. In actual fact, employees require to be aware of why the change is being made and also more significantly, how the change is to be expected to have an effect on them. A full-size portrait message from the CEO helps a smaller in employee understanding and accepting the change. They want to hear about the change from their immediate managers. An approach of appealing straight supervision and permitting them to handle the communication process is the solution to a successful change strategy (Patron, 2006, Cook et. al., 2004) Task 4: a) RELEVANCE OF THE MODELS OF CHANGE Kurt Lewin states the three stages to change: Unfreezing: Create motivation/readiness for change Demonstrate need for change Communicate desired future Engender commitment Old principles and procedure must be chucked away and new system must be cultured. Discarding the old procedure can be as complicated as learning the new ones because of behaviour influence. A leader must aid to clear out the old custom before commencement of the new. Throughout this part of the progression a small tad of training is required to be imparted, also a great amount of emotional support is required to smash the old practices. Changing: Cognitive restructuring Identification with new vision of the organization Benchmark, invent, innovate Even though there will be great amount of bewilderment, overwork and anguish, there will also be optimism, innovation, and exhilaration. This phase of change necessitate a lot of training as the employees are getting use to new customs and small amount of support for the affect of stimulation congestion. Refreezing: Link new behavior to self-concept, reward Create social acceptance of new behavior The new procedures are now rationally and sensitively acknowledged. The things that were newly learnt are now in fact practiced on the work. Again some training and support is required for setting up further change process as it is continual process upgrading. (Rob Paton, 2008) (Sarah Cook, 2004) Task 4: b) Formulation of a strategic vision: A understandable vision of the organisations new strategy and its shared values is required for carrying out effective change. This vision gives the purpose and course for the transform. Exhibit Top-management dedication: It is essential that change is managed from the top-management of the organization, for eagerness to change of the senior management is a central pointer (Cummings Worley, 2005, page 490). The top management should be in support of the change in way to really execute the change in company. Model change at the highest level: The change must be very well-known at its first stage which shows management is in its close favour. It is also significant for management to shows the power of its present culture as well; it should be emphasized that present enterprise does not require sweeping changes, but just a small number of alterations. Adjust the organization to sustain change: The fourth step is to rearrange the structure of company to carry out change. Select and entertain newcomers and remove non co-operators: A method to put into practice a change is to unite it to organizational partisanship, employees are recruited or removed w.r.t. their fit with the new system. Enlarge ethical and legal feeling: Changes in culture go ahead to create nervousness amongst organisation and its staff which leads to ethical and legal trouble. This is predominantly applicable for alter in staff integrity, control, fair treatment and job security. Change in the organizations is very significant and unavoidable. Improvement is bound to be of greater complexity than continuation. Employees over and over again oppose changes therefore it is the responsibility of the management to persuade people for possible gain which shall overshadow the losses. (Porter, 1998)

Julius Caesar Essay -- essays research papers fc

Julius Caesar’s legacy and attributes are just as robust today as they were in his time. From the time he took power to the time of his death he accomplished more than many other men would have done in a lifetime. He brought the Roman Empire to its height and from his death on, the Empire did nothing but fall. He was one of the world’s greatest leaders and probably the best. At the age of 15 Caesar became head of his family when his father died in 85bc. His family wanted him to pursue a religious career as the priest of Jupiter but Caesar had other plans. He wanted to dive head long into a political career. He took maters into his own hands when in 84bc he married Cornelia the daughter of one of Rome’s stronger leaders at the time, Cornelius Cinna (Schlesinger 30). Cinna took power in 82bc when Rome’s leader at the time Gaius Marius died. Marius was married to Caesar’s Aunt Julia. Marius was killed in battle with one of his great enemies Sulla. Soon after this battle Sulla died also, but he still had many allies. Marius had let Caesar help him while he was leader by doing small jobs. Caesar gained much experience while helping out Marius. When Caesar was 25 he set sail for the island of Rhodes. But, on the way a band of pirates captured the ship and kidnapped him. While his family was raising ransom money he was a very difficult guest for the pirates. He strolled boldly around their ship and pointed out weaknesses in their sword fighting technique and told them he would kill them all after he was released. They were entertained by this young man but did not believe the threat (Green 19). His family finally paid his ransom. Soon after it was paid, Caesar learned that the government was not going to take action and pursue the pirates. Caesar took matters into his own hands. He organized a fleet of ships, captured the pirates and crucified their whole gang. The news of this spread quickly, and Caesar was both admired and criticized for acting so quickly. By age 30, Caesar was making Sulla’s allies very worried. But 30 was not too young for a roman so full of ambition. In 69bc, Caesar was serving as governor in farther Spain, administering Roman laws to Spanish tribes and subduing those who resisted. He went to go see the statue of Alexander the Great in the city of Cadiz. Alexander was a leader who had conquered much of the world by the age of 30. Caes... ... he died, it is amazing to think of all that he accomplished in his life. Also it is amazing to think of all that he could have accomplished if he had lived. His legacy lived on through Octavius, who named himself emperor of Rome and like all roman emperors that followed he took the name of Caesar. If he had stayed alive the Roman Empire could have conquered all of the Eastern Hemisphere. Rome defiantly benefited from him. Rome was the most powerful nation at the time and would have stayed that way for much longer if Julius Caesar had not been murdered. Works Cited Green, Robert. Julius Caesar. New York. Franklin watts publishing company, 1996 May, Robin. Julius Caesar and the Romans. East Sussex. Wayland publishing, 1984 Schlesinger, Arthur M. Caesar. Boston. Chelsea house publishers, 1987 Suetonius. The lives of the 12 Caesar's. Willamstown, MA. Corner house publishers, 1987 Blooming, Mike H. â€Å"Hero or Villain† 6 April, 1995

Financial Effects of September 11th :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Financial Effects of September 11th September 11th, like few other dates in the history of our country, will be permanently engraved in all American’s memories. Even though the events of this tragic day are behind us, the economy is still feeling the burden of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The economy was already experiencing a fall off before the attack. Despite the struggling times, Wall Street analysts believed that with the six Federal Rate cuts, the United States economy could avoid recession. Then came September 11th an attack that shook the nation. Never had an attack been made on United States mainland soil. Two United and two American Airline airplanes were hijacked by terrorists and flown into strategic targets in America. There were at least four to five hijackers on each plane. They were armed with knives, and having at least one person among them capable of piloting the plane. The hijackers took over the planes, ousted the pilots, and directed the planes on suicide missions. Two planes crashed into the World Trade Center's Twin Towers in New York City, another into the Pentagon in Washington DC and a fourth in Pennsylvania. The result of the attack, the Twin Towers collapsed, part of the Pentagon was crushed, and thousands of people died. The attack was part of a jihad, or holy war by the Muslims in the Middle East against America. They resent us for our freedom and for our occupation of the Middle East. Americans responded with true American spirit and patriotism by volunteering and donating goods. Despite the shock, long-term devastation, and disruption of public infrastructure and commercial activities in the world's financial center, the U.S. financial system largely remained open throughout the day and thereafter. Banks and other financial intermediaries stayed open. Key wholesale and retail payment system remained operational, like other financial activities, except that telecommunication disruptions had a temporary effect. Even firms in the World Trade Center were able to resume business from other offices or from contingency sites within hours of the attack. The response of the financial industry and the speed with which it resumed business was extraordinary and can be attributed only to its long-standing commitment to ensuring continuity of operations in the wake of physical or cyber disruptions. The terrorist attacks of September 11th sent the United States economy spiraling into recession. â€Å"Many economists believe the economy has entered its first recession in more than 10 years†(Wash.

King Solomon Essays -- essays research papers

There are many famous individuals through the history who made great impact on our lives. We can go on and on to list them all but for my topic I would like to choose one of the wisest person who ever lived is king Solomon. During his era the Israel kingdom achieved a lot of success in trading, expansion and fair judgment. Also Solomon regarded as an author of high skill and remarkable output. The writings that have been attributed to him are the biblical Proverbs, the Song of Solomon, Ecclesiastes, the Wisdom of Solomon, and the later Psalms of Solomon. The book of Proverbs expresses the conclusion of the will of man. Together, the books of Psalms, Proverbs and Ecclesiastes give us the understanding of the soul of man. In Psalms you have the emotional nature, which is one part of the soul function. Ecclesiastes deals with the function of the mind, the search of man reason throughout the earth, analyzing, evaluating, weighing and concluding. But in the book of Proverbs we have the appeal to the will of man and the conclusion of the will. Therefore, this book is all about the things man should decide, the choices of life. This is beautifully set before us in the introduction to the book. We all know that education is not only the key for our success and good life but also expansion of knowledge and information. â€Å"To know wisdom and instruction, to discern the saying of understanding, to receive instruction in wise behavior, righteousness, justice and equity; to the youth kn...

Life Vision

Stable, positive environment that enables my family to grow and prosper. I want to create a legacy for my children to add to and pass along to their children. As humans, we don't live forever. And, for most of us, we won't end up in the history books. However, this doesn't resolve us to be forgotten when the final bell rings. I truly feel that we can live forever in the sense that the generations that come after us will use the lessons and values that we taught them. I feel particularly strong about this belief as a parent.I want to be a good wife, daughter, sister, mother and friend. In addition, I want to be a good employee and have a successful career without ever having to compromise the principles that guide my life. By ‘good,' I mean that I want to be honest, trustworthy, compassionate, caring, loving, forgiving, and above all, I want to be a productive member of society. If I can accomplish my mission, the results may not be tangible, but they will bring me personal sati sfaction.The moral values taught to me by the positive adults in my life and my religion is what guides every aspect of my life. I will never allow ambition for power or money to influence y mission or my daily life if it meaner that I have to compromise my principles. My daily life is guided by my mission. Honesty and integrity are a major part of my life and I try meeting my LIFE's commitments with the same. I feel that I am very fortunate to have a guide to accomplish my life's mission.My guide is not one person or one thing; it is the experiences that I have had, the people that have taught me along the way, and my interpretation of it all that illuminates the path to my future. The beauty of being an interactive member of society is the exposure to other people, their values, and their experiences. It is comparable to eating at the world's greatest buffet; every ideal, every value, and every experience is there to learn from, but you only have to take away what you choose to. T his concept applies to both my professional life and personal life.As a woman with many Jobs to balance, I always try to adopt good examples of leadership from those around me. So over the next 5 years I have plans that are not going to be easy to get to but well worth it in the end. For starters over the next year I am going to continue with my core classes for the R. N program with Chattahoochee Tech. In the fall of 2014 1 hope to be able to apply to R. N program and get in. Fingers crossed. During this time my family and I are going to take our first family vacation to Disney World.Also when I finish the program with Chattahoochee Tech I am going to bridge to Keenness State. During this time I will continue to try and get my foot in the door at Children's Health Care of Atlanta. Which is where I would like to work in the ERE when I am finished with school. I would also like to have a nice home of our own but all of those things I will work out as I come to them. Life cannot be pl anned perfectly. Hardships are thrown our way, and we'll experience road-bumps. The important thing to remember is that we never let go of our dreams.Aim high, work hard – and accomplish what you've set out to do. Although my plans may change, I'm willing to work to make them happen. Finally , † Who will and can help me reach my goals. † My family, I have talked with them in great detail about my plans over the next 5 years and they all are very supportive. Summary, I feel my mission statement of being viewed favorably by those that care for and care about me is being achieved. I also feel my actions in my daily life match well with my mission – and I intend to ensure this continues in the future.

Briar rose essay

Briar Rose mainly tells us about what Gamma went through ruing the holocaust and this brings out more characters Like Harvey Goldman and Josef. Gamma's story tells us about her experiences during the holocaust and also reveals how Jews , gypsies and homosexuals were treated. Holey told Gamma's story in a fairy tale because the story is too scary to retell. She also Told It Inform of a fairy tale so that It won't be as scarier, so that Beach, Shania and Sylvia can understand, so It can reach an audience faster.As mentioned before, Gamma's story was told in a fairy tale form, it is about what she went through during the holocaust but Holey chooses to tell it a fairy-tale form. She uses a lot of symbolism, Gamma's story uses symbolism. Gamma mentions Crown of red hair and represents blood shed during the holocaust. She also mentions big black boots with silver eagles on her hat and this represents the Nazi soldiers. The castle was the gas chambers, she mentions a hundred years is foreve r and this represents death which Is discovered by Beach later in the novel. She mentions the thorns as sharp as barbs which represented barbed wire around the camp.In the story Gamma says whoever goes In doesn't come out and this represented the death camps, she meant the death camps. The story mentioned the prince who had knowledge of the past he had knowledge of the pass Gamma was talking about Joseph, a man who knew everything that was going on, he had lived through it. The princess was given breath to breath, mouth to mouth (the kiss of life) by the prince. The curse that she mentions in the story is actually the curse for the Jews from the Nazis, she says l curse you and your father and your mother the queen and all uncles and cousins and aunts.And all the people in your village. † And all the people who bear your name†, this represents all the Jewish people who were killed including Gamma's family and friends. The mist represented the gas chambers that most of the Jews were killed and burnt In. But symbols often have a cluster of connotations. The mist may also stand for the Imperfect knowledge Gamma and her family has of the events of her past, which they only dimly understand. The briars can also represent the difficulties to be overcome consciousness about what was going on.The rose of the title is the symbol of love, which survives through the thorny briars, and is the motivating force of the whole tale, forcing Beach to carry out her promise o find the castle in the sleeping woods. Her research reveals that Gamma's survival and her daughter's existence have both been made possible by the love of Aaron and of Josef. The very existence of Beach and her sisters is owed to the selfless love the briar rose symbolizes. In Gamma's fairy tale story, she says Not everyone will die, a few will Just sleep.You, princess will be one† the princess is Gamma, it is revealed throughout the novel and she even says it to Beach when she was telling t he story. She also mentions this in the fairy tale story â€Å"The peasant smiled, he had only few teeth, hue peasants know how to sort of thin, the peasant represents Joseph Petcock and the other man he was with, he reached into a pit of bodies to get her (probably because she was so pretty and so easy to spot) – as Harvey Goldman mentioned that she was so pretty and every guy wanted her but they all couldn't talk to her.Josef Petcock in dead bodies got Gamma and the guys gave her a life kiss. She woke up when it was Josef turn that's why Josef is the prince. The effect of using symbolism is so that the story can be more effective, important, and less scary and also so that it can attract a wider audience. Holey also focuses on the theme of growing up and telling the truth. She still continues on using symbolism. We see how Beach and her sisters argue over hearing the Gamma's story (Beach wants to hear it but the sisters don't want to hear it), this represents the inability of people to deal with different situations.Josef tells his own story the way it happened, he doesn't glamour it and this represents his braveness. Holey also made him to be a partisan to show us his braveness. He is introduced by Father Stash, who devotes himself to the spiritual needs of the Echelon people. Their guilt makes them hostile to all recognition of the evil times many of them took part in, or at the very least permitted. Stash understands why Josef lives near Echelon Like me, he is drawn back by the souls of the dead† The Briar Rose tale is thus an allegory of Gamma's life.Although she cannot recall the details of her past, an amnesia that had made her survival possible, she needs to pass this story on to her descendants, and uses the fairy tale to do so. Like many allegorical tales, it tells of good triumphing over evil, of a contented life won only after life-threatening difficulties and dangers have been overcome. The effect of using allegory is very effective in conveying her story which she delivers in a superb fashion. The use of allegory also gives it a sense of realism and acts as a metaphor which helps us realism what happened during the holocaust and Gamma's life through Beech's promise and research.Holey has added strands from other traditional tales to enrich the story, Beach is on Beach makes sense of Beech's story and promised Gamma that she was going to find out about the castle â€Å"promise me you will find the castle†. Gamma's whole version of the Briar Rose tale, Beach recognizes to be a metaphor for her life. The effects of this are the placement of segments of the never-completed fairy story at intervals through the narrative adds suspense and mystery to the novel.More importantly, the fairy tale references seem to deepen the story of Gamma's Holocaust sufferings and relate them to the whole cultural tradition of good and evil, of suffering and rescue, and of seeking and eventually finding. The narrative of Beech 's determined quest is to make sense of this story after her grandmother's death. A third stage of Beech's developing relationship with fellow Journalist, Stan is presented more lightly, but suggests that, for Beach, a happy ending is likely.Her own happy ever after tale springs out of her grandmother's life story, and make the bitter sadness of the Holocaust easier for the readers to bear. Gamma's story itself was one of a happy ‘normal' ending with a supportive family. The novel is ironic; the happily ever after† ending of the conventional fairy tale is, an ironic contrast to the horrific suffering of camp victims such as Gamma, and to the deaths of millions. As for Josef Petcock, he is gay, not the expected heterosexual lover Beach was ready to cast as her unknown grandfather.In fact Gamma is saved by twin heroes – Josef, who gives her the kiss of life, and Aaron, who pulls her from the mass grave and soon after marries her. Josef presence is more than Justifie d in the story, as homosexuals were victims of the Holocaust. It is not altogether clear that Holey has intended such irony. The reality of such old folk tales is often brutal and harsh. The original Sleeping Beauty included such ingredients as rape, and attempted murder, inspired by almost insane Jealousy. It is only the versions that are produced for children to avoid dealing with horrifying evil.It is possible to view Gamma's life as indeed a â€Å"happy ending† where the ghosts of a bitter past are being freed by family support and the ability to speak of the mercifully destroyed completely past only in terms of fairy tale. Briar Rose shows the significance of the Holocaust and its continued impact, Holey does this through characters. She does this through most of the characters, for example Gamma and Josef. Josef tells his story like he wasn't a hero, even though he was the hero, Holey does this to represent those who are brave, he tells it the way it is (he doesn't find different ways to tell it).This represents heroism and how some people affected during the holocaust can still talk and tell people about it. Gamma tell her story in fairy tale form, Holey does this to represent those who want to tell the story but they story is too scary to retell. Gamma has forgotten her past and relives it through a fairy tale, and her past was so traumatic that in order to cope Gamma's memory of the past was always presented in a unique way to her family. The quote â€Å"I have no memories in my head but one†¦ A fairy tale† from Gamma tell us this. With their lives.She is a very typical of a certain kind of a person; she is a courageous mother, the miraculous survivor. Holey shows the social importance of family through Beach, she was always there for her grandmother when she was in the nursing home. The importance of family heritage and understanding of the past is emphasizes by Beach, who says that she is going to solve the mystery of Gamma's past in order to understand her own family I am going to find the castle and the prince and reclaim our family heritage† She shows the importance of remembrance-past, presence and future.The quote, â€Å"Time may heal all wounds, but it does not erase the scars. † The effect of this quote is for representing those who could tell the story/history, it means hey could to tell the story but it don't mean that they are not affected with it anymore. It is a story that is supposed to be shared; it is the history that is supposed to be known. Beach suddenly realism the impact of the death of others when she went on to search and find out about the grandmothers past Just like how the holocaust still affect some of today and in the future.It is clearly the suffering of those left behind especially those who were affected by it. â€Å"The future is when people talk about the past, so if the prince knows all their past lives and tells all the people who are still to come, then the pr inces live again into the true†, the effect of this quote is to stress the importance of oral tradition directly though the character of Gamma.Briar Rose indeed represents hidden millions whole stories whose stories were destroyed during the holocaust and it focuses on the impact of the holocaust, Just not the holocaust but also people affected by the holocaust (showing us what they went through). Hole's overall purpose of writing this novel was to make us consider the real history of the holocaust and the people it affected for example Gamma and Josef. Briar Rose is indeed shaped by the intense focus of extraordinary human experiences Briar rose essay Briar Rose mainly tells us about what Gamma went through ruing the holocaust and this brings out more characters Like Harvey Goldman and Josef. Gamma's story tells us about her experiences during the holocaust and also reveals how Jews , gypsies and homosexuals were treated. Holey told Gamma's story in a fairy tale because the story is too scary to retell. She also Told It Inform of a fairy tale so that It won't be as scarier, so that Beach, Shania and Sylvia can understand, so It can reach an audience faster.As mentioned before, Gamma's story was told in a fairy tale form, it is about what she went through during the holocaust but Holey chooses to tell it a fairy-tale form. She uses a lot of symbolism, Gamma's story uses symbolism. Gamma mentions Crown of red hair and represents blood shed during the holocaust. She also mentions big black boots with silver eagles on her hat and this represents the Nazi soldiers. The castle was the gas chambers, she mentions a hundred years is foreve r and this represents death which Is discovered by Beach later in the novel. She mentions the thorns as sharp as barbs which represented barbed wire around the camp.In the story Gamma says whoever goes In doesn't come out and this represented the death camps, she meant the death camps. The story mentioned the prince who had knowledge of the past he had knowledge of the pass Gamma was talking about Joseph, a man who knew everything that was going on, he had lived through it. The princess was given breath to breath, mouth to mouth (the kiss of life) by the prince. The curse that she mentions in the story is actually the curse for the Jews from the Nazis, she says l curse you and your father and your mother the queen and all uncles and cousins and aunts.And all the people in your village. † And all the people who bear your name†, this represents all the Jewish people who were killed including Gamma's family and friends. The mist represented the gas chambers that most of the Jews were killed and burnt In. But symbols often have a cluster of connotations. The mist may also stand for the Imperfect knowledge Gamma and her family has of the events of her past, which they only dimly understand. The briars can also represent the difficulties to be overcome consciousness about what was going on.The rose of the title is the symbol of love, which survives through the thorny briars, and is the motivating force of the whole tale, forcing Beach to carry out her promise o find the castle in the sleeping woods. Her research reveals that Gamma's survival and her daughter's existence have both been made possible by the love of Aaron and of Josef. The very existence of Beach and her sisters is owed to the selfless love the briar rose symbolizes. In Gamma's fairy tale story, she says Not everyone will die, a few will Just sleep.You, princess will be one† the princess is Gamma, it is revealed throughout the novel and she even says it to Beach when she was telling t he story. She also mentions this in the fairy tale story â€Å"The peasant smiled, he had only few teeth, hue peasants know how to sort of thin, the peasant represents Joseph Petcock and the other man he was with, he reached into a pit of bodies to get her (probably because she was so pretty and so easy to spot) – as Harvey Goldman mentioned that she was so pretty and every guy wanted her but they all couldn't talk to her.Josef Petcock in dead bodies got Gamma and the guys gave her a life kiss. She woke up when it was Josef turn that's why Josef is the prince. The effect of using symbolism is so that the story can be more effective, important, and less scary and also so that it can attract a wider audience. Holey also focuses on the theme of growing up and telling the truth. She still continues on using symbolism. We see how Beach and her sisters argue over hearing the Gamma's story (Beach wants to hear it but the sisters don't want to hear it), this represents the inability of people to deal with different situations.Josef tells his own story the way it happened, he doesn't glamour it and this represents his braveness. Holey also made him to be a partisan to show us his braveness. He is introduced by Father Stash, who devotes himself to the spiritual needs of the Echelon people. Their guilt makes them hostile to all recognition of the evil times many of them took part in, or at the very least permitted. Stash understands why Josef lives near Echelon Like me, he is drawn back by the souls of the dead† The Briar Rose tale is thus an allegory of Gamma's life.Although she cannot recall the details of her past, an amnesia that had made her survival possible, she needs to pass this story on to her descendants, and uses the fairy tale to do so. Like many allegorical tales, it tells of good triumphing over evil, of a contented life won only after life-threatening difficulties and dangers have been overcome. The effect of using allegory is very effective in conveying her story which she delivers in a superb fashion. The use of allegory also gives it a sense of realism and acts as a metaphor which helps us realism what happened during the holocaust and Gamma's life through Beech's promise and research.Holey has added strands from other traditional tales to enrich the story, Beach is on Beach makes sense of Beech's story and promised Gamma that she was going to find out about the castle â€Å"promise me you will find the castle†. Gamma's whole version of the Briar Rose tale, Beach recognizes to be a metaphor for her life. The effects of this are the placement of segments of the never-completed fairy story at intervals through the narrative adds suspense and mystery to the novel.More importantly, the fairy tale references seem to deepen the story of Gamma's Holocaust sufferings and relate them to the whole cultural tradition of good and evil, of suffering and rescue, and of seeking and eventually finding. The narrative of Beech 's determined quest is to make sense of this story after her grandmother's death. A third stage of Beech's developing relationship with fellow Journalist, Stan is presented more lightly, but suggests that, for Beach, a happy ending is likely.Her own happy ever after tale springs out of her grandmother's life story, and make the bitter sadness of the Holocaust easier for the readers to bear. Gamma's story itself was one of a happy ‘normal' ending with a supportive family. The novel is ironic; the happily ever after† ending of the conventional fairy tale is, an ironic contrast to the horrific suffering of camp victims such as Gamma, and to the deaths of millions. As for Josef Petcock, he is gay, not the expected heterosexual lover Beach was ready to cast as her unknown grandfather.In fact Gamma is saved by twin heroes – Josef, who gives her the kiss of life, and Aaron, who pulls her from the mass grave and soon after marries her. Josef presence is more than Justifie d in the story, as homosexuals were victims of the Holocaust. It is not altogether clear that Holey has intended such irony. The reality of such old folk tales is often brutal and harsh. The original Sleeping Beauty included such ingredients as rape, and attempted murder, inspired by almost insane Jealousy. It is only the versions that are produced for children to avoid dealing with horrifying evil.It is possible to view Gamma's life as indeed a â€Å"happy ending† where the ghosts of a bitter past are being freed by family support and the ability to speak of the mercifully destroyed completely past only in terms of fairy tale. Briar Rose shows the significance of the Holocaust and its continued impact, Holey does this through characters. She does this through most of the characters, for example Gamma and Josef. Josef tells his story like he wasn't a hero, even though he was the hero, Holey does this to represent those who are brave, he tells it the way it is (he doesn't find different ways to tell it).This represents heroism and how some people affected during the holocaust can still talk and tell people about it. Gamma tell her story in fairy tale form, Holey does this to represent those who want to tell the story but they story is too scary to retell. Gamma has forgotten her past and relives it through a fairy tale, and her past was so traumatic that in order to cope Gamma's memory of the past was always presented in a unique way to her family. The quote â€Å"I have no memories in my head but one†¦ A fairy tale† from Gamma tell us this. With their lives.She is a very typical of a certain kind of a person; she is a courageous mother, the miraculous survivor. Holey shows the social importance of family through Beach, she was always there for her grandmother when she was in the nursing home. The importance of family heritage and understanding of the past is emphasizes by Beach, who says that she is going to solve the mystery of Gamma's past in order to understand her own family I am going to find the castle and the prince and reclaim our family heritage† She shows the importance of remembrance-past, presence and future.The quote, â€Å"Time may heal all wounds, but it does not erase the scars. † The effect of this quote is for representing those who could tell the story/history, it means hey could to tell the story but it don't mean that they are not affected with it anymore. It is a story that is supposed to be shared; it is the history that is supposed to be known. Beach suddenly realism the impact of the death of others when she went on to search and find out about the grandmothers past Just like how the holocaust still affect some of today and in the future.It is clearly the suffering of those left behind especially those who were affected by it. â€Å"The future is when people talk about the past, so if the prince knows all their past lives and tells all the people who are still to come, then the pr inces live again into the true†, the effect of this quote is to stress the importance of oral tradition directly though the character of Gamma.Briar Rose indeed represents hidden millions whole stories whose stories were destroyed during the holocaust and it focuses on the impact of the holocaust, Just not the holocaust but also people affected by the holocaust (showing us what they went through). Hole's overall purpose of writing this novel was to make us consider the real history of the holocaust and the people it affected for example Gamma and Josef. Briar Rose is indeed shaped by the intense focus of extraordinary human experiences

Analysis of “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson Essay

A lovely summer morning in a quiet little village, is what Shirley Jackson describes in the birth of her short story, â€Å"The Lottery (1948).† The organization of her story makes it exceptionally easy to read. The appealing imagery, that Jackson uses, sets the mood of the day and event to come. With the same imagery, she carefully decorates the setting, describes the characters, and unfolds the plot; while keeping the reader from anticipating the conflict until it is upon them. Organization Jackson’s organization of the story is chronological. After the introduction and description of the setting, she explains the sequence of events. The children congregate first, then the men. The women join the men, and they call the children to settle. As the event starts, the heads of each household go to remove a piece of paper from the box. Then, as they completed the first round of the lottery, each member of the winning family drew again. All of these events, so nonchalantly, were leading up to the tragic stoning of one community member. Setting From the image that Shirley describes of the stories setting, the reader can feel the warmth of the summer day. One can see and just about smell the flowers and grass, and can hear the children playing around as everyone in the small village gathered together. The men were discussing tractors and taxes, and the women exchanging gossip while they awaited the day’s annual event. Mood and Characters Mr. Summers leads the community event they call the lottery. Jackson tells us that Mr. Summers, because he has time to devote, also leads the other civic activities such as the square dances and Halloween program. Tessy Hutchinson is late to the gathering, saying that she â€Å"clean forgot what day it was (p. 259).† Mrs. Dunbar says, â€Å"I wish they’d hurry (p. 261).† Most of the characters are in good spirits; although, they are anxious to get on with the rest of their day. Nothing about the mood could lead one to believe this story may have an unpleasant ending. Even the seemingly grumpy Old Man Werner, does not provide any clues as to what will happen. He is exceedingly headstrong about the tradition, however. Especially when the Adams attempt to discuss other village’s doing away with the lottery. Even the complaints from Tessy, when her husband draws the winning paper, did not change the mood of the story or the villagers. Conflict From the mood set in the story, the village’s tradition of the Lottery seems like it may be something enjoyable. The conflict comes about when Tessy begins to complain about her families unfair selection and then her own. Then one may start to get the impression this may not be fun. I wondered what could be so miserable they needed a lottery to determine the winner, or loser in this case. Is she going to be forced to be the village mortician or have to care for the village idiot or leper for the year? Then in almost the last sentence, when the villagers surround Tessy and the first stone hit her in the head, holding her hands out desperately screaming, â€Å"It isn’t fair, it isn’t right (p. 264).† Only then does Jackson make it clear that the prize won from the lottery is fatal. Conclusion It is extremely difficult to read about a lovely community involved in such a tragic tradition. Shirley Jackson’s charming imagery of the setting and mood lures the reader through this shocking story. Overall, I think Jackson has done splendid work writing about such a horrific event. A story most people would not finish if they knew in the beginning that someone would be stoned to death by the entire community. Works Cited Jackson, S. (1948). The Lottery. In X. J. Kennedy, D. M. Kennedy, & M. F. Muth, The Bedford Guide for College writers (pp. 257-264). Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin.