Academic performance Essay Example for Free

Academic performance Essay Purpose of project Over the years at Queen’s Royal College I have seen teachers having stern conversations with students for reaching to school late habitually. These students are faced with consequences such as: â€Å"in-house suspension† or community service for regular late coming. I myself have been a victim of these punishments. It is believed that students who are frequently late are indiscipline, and this can spill over into their study habits, hence affecting their overall performance in their internal examinations. On the other hand, some share different views that punctuality has no effect on a student’s performance. Reason being, students do extra studies at home, hence making up for lost time at school. In that context I would like to determine through a statistical study whether or not there is a correlation between student’s punctuality and academic performance in Queen’s Royal College. I chose to study the present fifth form year group because this is the year they will be heading into the CXC CSEC examinations, assuming at this point, their attitude towards their school work will be serious. See more: Strategic Management Process Essay Variables: Let X be the total sum of form 5 students’ number of times late Let Y be the total sum of form 5 students’ average end of term examination scores Other information: seldom number of times late excessive number of times late 30% 49% bad average score 50% 69% good average score 70% 89% excellent average score n is the number of students in the sample size Let ∑x represent the sum of all the times late by the form 5 students Let ∑y represent the sum of all the form 5 students’ end of term exam average  scores Let ∑xy represent the sum of the multiples of form 5 number of times late and form 5 end of term exam average scores Let∑x2 represent the sum of the squares of the form 5 students’ number of times late Let ∑y2 represent the sum of the squares of the form 5 end of term exam average scores Let represent the sample mean of X Let represent the sample mean of Y Method of data collection 1. I collected a copy of the roll books for the various form 5 classes for term 1 (September to December) from the various form teachers. 2. The average score for each student was obtained from the dean of the form 5 year. 3. I counted the number of times late for each student and totaled it. 4. Then I sampled the data. To do this, I used systematic random sampling, I used the lottery method. I wrote each of the student numbers for a particular class (R first) on a separate little piece of paper and put them all into a hat. Then I picked out 10, one at a time without replacement, and for each one I chose, I wrote down the number of times late and the corresponding average score. 5. I repeated this for the classes O, Y and L. So in the end I had a sample size of 40, 10 from each class. 6. Afterwards I organized the data, making lists of the student number and their corresponding number of times late and average end of term exam scores for from 5 classes R, O, Y and L and put it into a table. Presentation of data Fig 1.1 Fig 1.1 is a table showing n of forty form 5 students chosen and their corresponding punctuality and average score obtained at the end of the term. Of the forty students chosen twenty-five were seldom late and fifteen students were excessively late. It also shows that, eight did bad in the end of term exam, twenty-one did good and eleven did excellent. Of the eight that did bad 2 were excessively late and 6 were seldom late. Of the twenty-one that did good 12 were excessively late and 9 were seldom late. Of the eleven that did excellent 1 was excessively late and 10 were seldom late. Fig 1.2 Fig 1.2 is a bar graph showing performance level attributed to students who were seldom late and excessively late. Of the eight that performed badly [see Table 1.1], 75% were seldom late and 25% excessively late. Of the twenty-one that performed good 43% were seldom late and 57% were excessively late. Of the eleven that did excellent 91% were seldom late and 9% were excessively late. Fig 1.3 Fig 1.3 is a scatter plot showing form 5 students’ average end of term score in relation to the number of times they were late. Analysis of data Chi-square test of independence A χ2-test of independence at the 5% level of significance will be used to determine whether the form 5 students number of times late and average end of term scores are independent of each other, or if there is a relationship between them. H0 represents the null hypothesis H1 represents the alternative hypothesis O represents observed frequencies E represents expected frequencies ÃŽ ± represents the level of significance v represents the number of degrees of freedom H0: A student’s form 5 end of term average score is independent of his number of times late. H1: A student’s form 5 end of term average score is dependent on his number of times late. In Fig 1.4, from the points a regression line was drawn which passes through the mean of both sets of data, . The line shows y tends to decrease extremely gentltly as x, increases. Also, the points are scattered about the regression line. This shows that there is a very weak negative correlation between X and Y. Discussion of findings My purpose was to investigate the relationship between student’s punctuality (X) and academic performance (Y) in a form 5 year group in Queen’s Royal College. After I collected my data and sampled it, I put it into a table (Fig 1.1), and then decided to put it in a scatter plot (Fig 1.3) and a bar graph (Fig 1.2). This made the relationship between X and Y easily identifiable. It was also now easier to compare them both. After appropriately representing my data, I chose to do a Chi-square test of independence. This was to determine whether X and Y are independent of each other or not. My decision, at the 5% significance level was to reject the alternative hypothesis, meaning that X and Y are not dependent of each other, and so a student’s form 5 end of term average exam score does not depend on his punctuality record. However, that was not the case and the Chi-square test proved that X and Y are dependent of each other. After determining that X and Y are dependent on each other in the Chi-square test another test was carried out. Details of the relationship were necessary, and so r, the linear product moment correlation coefficient, and the equation of the regression line were calculated. The linear product moment correlation coefficient goes from 1 to -1 and indicates the strength of the linear correlation between two variables. In this experiment, r was found to be -0.141. This value is negative and very low i.e. near to 0, indicating that there is a very weak negative linear correlation between X and Y. Therefore, from this test, it is safe to say that there is no relationship between X and Y. r also indicates the strength of the least squares regression line that was found. A least squares regression line of Y on X minimizes the sum of the square of the y differences, therefore it is the most accurate representation of the data in the scatter plot, and i.e. the best fit line. The equation of this line was found to be y = 62.12 + -0.2x, and the point ( lies on this line, this was demonstrated on the second scatter plot (Fig 1.4). Since r is very low, this regression line is very weak, and therefore the predictions made from it will be inaccurate. The value of b, -0.2 represents the amount by which y decreases for every unit increase in x, i.e. the number of additional marks in form 5 end of term exams that a student will lose for every additional number of times they were late. The value of a, 62.12, would represent the score a student would  get in form 5 end of term exams if he is late 0 times for the term. Limitations: This sample was only taken from one year group, and so it does not necessarily accurately represent future year groups. This test was done using only scores from one specific examination, there may be errors due to this because students may not have performed at their usual abilities for various reasons, such as an illness or a family problem and also students’ varying choice of subjects in that some may be doing relatively easier subjects than others and some may be doing less subjects than others. While collecting my data I observed that it had a lot of students who were absent. Therefore, besides punctuality, absenteeism could have affected their end of term average scores. Conclusion In this study, one test proved that X and Y were dependent of each other while the other test proved that there was no correlation between them. Therefore no clear cut conclusion can be made as to whether or not a student’s academic performance depends on their punctuality record in Queen’s Royal College. This study however, can be improved by collecting data from a larger sample to increase accuracy of data and carrying out the test for different year groups. References J. Crashaw J. Chambers, A Concise Course In Advanced Level Statistics, Nelson Thornes Ltd, 2002 H. Mulholland J.H.G. Phillips, Applied Mathematics for Advanced Level, Butterworths 1969 http://archive.bio.ed.ac.uk/jdeacon/statistics/tress9.html

Greatness :: essays research papers

When a Jewish girl living in Krakow under false papers visits Schindler, she asks that he hire her parents to work in his factory. He is infuriated with the girl and she runs from him, fearing her life and liberty. Schindler expresses his rage at Stern, whom he accuses of harboring Jews in the "haven" of a factory. Schindler is not angry at the idea of his factory as a haven, but the fact that such activities are illegal. However, as the atrocities of the Nazis become more apparent, Schindler begins to see the great opportunity he is presented with. He hires the girl's parents. Although there is no dialogue to give the viewer any direct clues, the scene in which Schindler observes the liquidation of the ghetto at Krakow hints at the change that begins to overtake him. He appears to be gripped by the stark realization of what the Nazi's are actually doing. He watches from a hill overlooking the ghetto, as Jews are massacred and children are oblivious to what is happening. The horror of it all overtakes his mistress, and she begs him to leave the tragic scene. Later, the change that has overtaken Schindler becomes more apparent. In a conversation with Hauptsturmfuhrer Amon Goeth, Schindler expresses his feelings about the relationship between that Nazis and the Jews. Goeth states that the reason the Jews fear the Nazi's is because they have the power to kill. Schindler believes otherwise. He says that the power to kill is a punishment to be used in exercising justice, but the real power lies in exercising mercy. According to Schindler, to have every justification for killing someone and letting him or her go demonstrates real power. This idea leaves an impression on Goeth, who begins to practice "mercy" the next day in his dealings in the concentration camp. Unfortunately, practicing mercy does not leave Goeth with the same fulfillment as murder, and he reverts to his old habits. This demonstrates a fundamental difference in the way Goeth and Schindler see the Jews. Goeth views them in typical Nazi fashion. His deep-rooted resentments, hatred, and perhaps even sadism, do not allow him to treat the Jews in a humane fashion. He sees them as a scourge to be eliminated, and at the very least a means to an end. He finds joy in shooting innocent Jews from his hilltop villa, and from exploiting them in cruel and unusual ways. He even finds pleasure in beating his maid.

Discussion Board: Ann & David

With the current hard economic times, it is necessary for a business organization to put into consideration all the factors that are likely to affect its success in the market. It is true that every company will have to work harder so that it can realize its goals due to the current economic instability. This economic instability has been brought about by the current global economic recession that the whole world is facing. It should therefore be noted that with the currently development in technology in the world, the world is turning out to be a global village and one can buy any product from any part of the world.As Porter, (2000) puts it, even though location may be integrated with the company’s wellbeing financially, socially and in terms of available resources, technology has a major part to play as it is the one that determines the market area of the product the company comes up with. Response to David’s posting Time is the only constant thing in this world. This means that in every organization, there will be some changes needed after some time. However, one cannot just wake up one morning and decide to change.According to Satterlee, (2009) the fast growing technological development in the world today is making some organization’s traditional practices are becoming obsolete and they are being replace by new ones. This means that the organization must change so that it can adapt to the new environment for it to survive. There are some three steps that need to be followed so that one can know how and what to change. In as much as an organization must follow the three steps to change suggested by Nolifer Merchants, it must be well prepared as change comes along with the use of some extra resources. References Porter, M. (2000). Economic Development Quarterly. Location, Competion, and Economic Development. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from http://edq.sagepub.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/content/14/1/15.full.pdf+html Satterlee, B. (2009). Cross Border Commerce. Roanoke, VA: Synergistics, Inc.

An Issue Of The Electoral College - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1151 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Politics Essay Level High school Topics: Electoral College Essay Did you like this example? Electoral College The excitement of voting starts to lessen when the truth is shown about the voting process. Voting is the foundation of America and represents one of the biggest things that America has to offer to people who are already citizens or wanting to become citizens. Once November comes around, itrs a chance for many of us to go and speak up about who we want to represent America. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Issue Of The Electoral College" essay for you Create order The Electoral College is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each state has two senators, but the House of Representatives is based on the population of the state. Out of 538 electors, 270 electoral votes are needed to decide on the President. The Electoral College can decide whether or not to ignore our staters votes, depressing our voter turnout rate and insinuating that our votes didnt matter at the end. The Electoral College should be abolished from the United States because it restricts the people from using their democratic right if the turnout of the Presidential Election doesnt represent what they voted for. The Electoral College does not represent what the foundations of the United States stands for. Many voters are under the impression that their votes count towards what President is elected, but in reality, this isnt always the case. As previously mentioned, even though the people can elect whoever they want in the campaign, the Electoral College makes the final decision on behalf of the state. For example: 85% of a state votes for Clinton, while that remaining 15% votes for Trump. Even though the majority of the state vote was for Clinton, the Senators and House of Representatives for that state can decide among themselves that Trump would be better suited and will cast our votes towards him. Can this really be considered the definition of democracy? To think that this is what politics are now is unjust for everyone who participates in such activities like the Presidential Campaign. For instance: it becomes possible to win the presidency by winning just 21.8% of the American publicr s vote. (Lewis) This can happen because of the system we have in America. Itrs outdated and has been around since 1787. Itrs time for a new change that is inclusive of the citizens of the United States and expelling the Electoral College will help do that. The Electoral College exists because politicians are afraid that the people will not choose the right person to be elected. The nationrs founders were worried about groups of people with a common interest violating the rights of citizens, also known as factions. They believed that these group of people would influence their country in a negative way through democracy. Political leaders still hold onto this fear which can explain why the Electoral College is seen as another way to make sure that our nation isnt controlled by a leader with degrading beliefs. For example: the Electoral College stemmed from the fact that ordinary Americans across a vast continent would lack sufficient information to choose directly and intelligently among leading presidential candidates. (Amar) The United States has never had faith in us, limiting our power to even slightly control how our nation will be formed for 4+ years. Citizens of 18 years and older know something about how politics work and wouldnt purposefully try to harm our country. For example: political parties nominate electors in each state electors they believed could be counted on to vote for the presidential nominee. (Prokop) We elect political leaders because we believe that they do show potential in positively changing our nation and representing our values/beliefs. Citizens are seen as unreliable in voting for a political leader, but the Electoral College isnt much better. The Electoral College members are mainly made up of white men and can be easily influenced by others who are of that same description. Itrs a possibility that they might be prioritizing white voters and electing who they choose. Citizens can be seen as not reliable by politicians, but as technology has advanced, our knowledge on who c an fit our description as leading one of the greatest nations in the world is ideal. The system of the Electoral College are seen as a way to make sure that rural cities arent left out, but it is actually more inclusive than most politicians would think. Another fear the founding fathers had was that if there was a direct democracy, the candidates would focus on big states like California and the voices of the rural areas would be drowned out. This is not the case as many believe so. By eliminating the Electoral College, it allows for rural areas to have their voices to be considered equally like any urban city. The voting system would accurately value them by treating them equal to people who live in cities (Prokop) Rural areas will no longer be outcasted, but joined in unison with the votes of others living in urban areas. With or without the Electoral College, rural voters are valued as much as any other voter. Another example states, By electing our President solely based on who the majority of our population selects. the vote of every American citizen would hold equal weight and significance. (Lewis) The Electoral College singles out smaller states based on the number of their electoral votes. States like California have 55 electoral votes compared to smaller states like Nevada who only have 6 electoral votes. These big states will always have an advantage, but if the Electoral College was gone, then it would be based on the staters majority. The staters majority has nothing to do with population, but just how the outcome turns out to be. The reasons for the Electoral College, like to make sure rural areas are included, are still applied if there were to be no Electoral College in the U.S. There will always be controversy on whether or not the Electoral College should exist in the United States. All of the reasons listed above such as the Electoral College depressing our votes if they decide to go against the staters majority helps to show that this is not the definition of democracy that America stands for. The Electoral College was founded a long time ago with a different set of standards that should be changed by now as 2 centuries have already passed. None of the problems that may rise without the Electoral College will be applicable to our new voting system if we were to remove it, one of the biggest ones being that rural areas will have their voices drowned out by the urban areas. Many do not yet know the freedom taken away from us by keeping the Electoral College. A google search can change the opinions of many on whether or not our old voting system is suitable for this ever advancing era. Works Cited: Amar, Akhil. The Troubling Reason the Electoral College Exists. Times. 8 November 2016. https://time.com/4558510/electoral-college-history-slavery/ 9 September 2018.